{"id":191159,"date":"2025-09-03T08:28:54","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T13:28:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/?p=191159"},"modified":"2025-09-03T08:28:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T13:28:54","slug":"chatgpt-google-citations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/chatgpt-google-citations\/","title":{"rendered":"ChatGPT May Scrape Google, but the Results Don\u2019t&nbsp;Match"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-txt\">It\u2019s official: ChatGPT is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/chatgpt-is-reportedly-scraping-google-search-data-to-answer-your-questions-heres-how\/\">scraping Google\u2019s results<\/a>. But our data shows the citations don\u2019t match as closely as you\u2019d expect.<\/div>\n<p>We know that AI assistants like ChatGPT access search indices, like Google and Bing, to retrieve URLs for their response. But how, exactly?<\/p>\n<p>To find out, we\u2019ve run a series of experiments looking at the relationship between the URLs cited by AI assistants, and the results found in Google when searching for the same topics.<\/p>\n<p>So far, we\u2019ve tested <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/ai-search-overlap\/\">long-tail prompts<\/a> (very long, very specific queries just like those you\u2019d enter into ChatGPT); <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/is-chatgpt-really-powered-by-google\/\">fan-out queries<\/a> (mid-length prompts that relate to the original long-tail prompt); and today we\u2019re testing short-tail keywords\u2014ultra-short, ultra-specific \u201chead\u201d terms.<\/p>\n<p>Short-tail keywords offer the clearest illustration of how AI citations track with Google results.<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-nav-link clearfix\" id=\"section1\"><a class=\"subhead-anchor\" data-tip=\"tooltip__copielink\" rel=\"#section1\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" style><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path d=\"M0 0h14v14H0z\" \/><path d=\"M7.45 9.887l-1.62 1.621c-.92.92-2.418.92-3.338 0a2.364 2.364 0 0 1 0-3.339l1.62-1.62-1.273-1.272-1.62 1.62a4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.885 5.884l1.62-1.62L7.45 9.886zM5.527 5.135L7.17 3.492c.92-.92 2.418-.92 3.339 0 .92.92.92 2.418 0 3.339L8.866 8.473l1.272 1.273 1.644-1.643A4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.897 2.22L4.254 3.863l1.272 1.272zm-.66 3.998a.749.749 0 0 1 0-1.06l2.208-2.206a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.928 9.133a.75.75 0 0 1-1.061 0z\" style \/><\/g><\/svg><\/a><div class=\"link-text\" data-anchor=\"TL;DR\" data-section=\"tldr\">\n<h3><a id=\"post-191159-_dxyj33bdp51n\"><\/a>TL;DR<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Based on three separate studies, our conclusion is that ChatGPT (and similar systems) don\u2019t just lift URLs directly from Google, Bing, or other indexes. Instead, they apply additional processing steps before citing sources.<\/p>\n<p>Even when we examined fan-out queries\u2014the actual search prompts these systems send to search engines\u2014the overlap between AI and search engine citations was surprisingly low.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, while ChatGPT may pull from Google\u2019s search index, it still appears to apply its own selection layer that filters and reshuffles which links appear.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s therefore not enough to identify fan-out queries and rank well for them\u2014there are additional factors influencing which URLs get surfaced, that are outside of a publisher\u2019s control.<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-nav-link clearfix\" id=\"section1\"><a class=\"subhead-anchor\" data-tip=\"tooltip__copielink\" rel=\"#section1\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" style><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path d=\"M0 0h14v14H0z\" \/><path d=\"M7.45 9.887l-1.62 1.621c-.92.92-2.418.92-3.338 0a2.364 2.364 0 0 1 0-3.339l1.62-1.62-1.273-1.272-1.62 1.62a4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.885 5.884l1.62-1.62L7.45 9.886zM5.527 5.135L7.17 3.492c.92-.92 2.418-.92 3.339 0 .92.92.92 2.418 0 3.339L8.866 8.473l1.272 1.273 1.644-1.643A4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.897 2.22L4.254 3.863l1.272 1.272zm-.66 3.998a.749.749 0 0 1 0-1.06l2.208-2.206a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.928 9.133a.75.75 0 0 1-1.061 0z\" style \/><\/g><\/svg><\/a><div class=\"link-text\" data-anchor=\"Methodology\" data-section=\"methodology\">\n<h2><a id=\"post-191159-_qoxlcd1qo0vr\"><\/a>Methodology<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Different query types tell us different things about how AI assistants handle information.<\/p>\n<p>In our earlier research, Ahrefs\u2019 data scientist <a href=\"https:\/\/sg.linkedin.com\/in\/xibeijia-guan\">Xibeijia Guan<\/a> analyzed citation overlap between AI and search results for informational <strong>long-tail<\/strong> and <strong>fan-out<\/strong> prompts, using <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/brand-radar\">Ahrefs Brand Radar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191160\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-1.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of Ahrefs Brand Radar dashboard, highlighting 15 AI mentions for the long-tail query &quot;how much does it cost to install a security camera&quot;\" width=\"2048\" height=\"795\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-1.png 2048w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-1-680x264.png 680w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-1-768x298.png 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-1-1536x596.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\"><\/p>\n<p>This time, she has taken a sample of 3,311 classic SEO-style head terms, covering informational, commercial, transactional, and navigational intent.<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-461\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-461 tablepress-responsive tablepress-ahrefs-width-720px\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Example query<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Informational<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Commercial<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Transactional<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Navigational<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">cincinnati bearcats basketball<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">best credit card rewards<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">pools for&nbsp;sale<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">onedrive sign&nbsp;in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">protein in shrimp<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">soundbar for&nbsp;tv<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">shop girls&nbsp;dress<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">verizon customer support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">3<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">what is cybersecurity<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">at home&nbsp;sauna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">buy a domain<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">costco toilet paper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-461 from cache -->\n<p>Each keyword has been run through ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google\u2019s top 100 SERPs to analyze citation overlap between AI and search.<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-nav-link clearfix\" id=\"section1\"><a class=\"subhead-anchor\" data-tip=\"tooltip__copielink\" rel=\"#section1\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" style><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path d=\"M0 0h14v14H0z\" \/><path d=\"M7.45 9.887l-1.62 1.621c-.92.92-2.418.92-3.338 0a2.364 2.364 0 0 1 0-3.339l1.62-1.62-1.273-1.272-1.62 1.62a4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.885 5.884l1.62-1.62L7.45 9.886zM5.527 5.135L7.17 3.492c.92-.92 2.418-.92 3.339 0 .92.92.92 2.418 0 3.339L8.866 8.473l1.272 1.273 1.644-1.643A4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.897 2.22L4.254 3.863l1.272 1.272zm-.66 3.998a.749.749 0 0 1 0-1.06l2.208-2.206a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.928 9.133a.75.75 0 0 1-1.061 0z\" style \/><\/g><\/svg><\/a><div class=\"link-text\" data-anchor=\"Just 10% of ChatGPT\u2019s short-tail results hit Google\u2019s top 10\" data-section=\"section-one\">\n<h2><a id=\"post-191159-_hdxultyij9au\"><\/a>Just 10% of ChatGPT\u2019s short-tail results hit Google\u2019s top&nbsp;10<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>If anything were to align closely with Google\u2019s results, you\u2019d expect it to be short-tail queries\u2014since that\u2019s the classic way we search.<\/p>\n<p>But that\u2019s not quite the&nbsp;case.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191161\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-2.png\" alt=\"Ahrefs' study of ~3K short-tail queries showing short-tail query overlap between ChatGPT and Google for both URLs and Domains. URL overlap 20.69% in SERPs top 100 10.00% in SERPs top 10 domain overlap 53.51% in SERPs top 100 31.80% in SERPs top 10\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-2.png 1600w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-2-381x425.png 381w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-2-768x857.png 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-2-1377x1536.png 1377w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\"><\/p>\n<p>While the citation overlap for <strong>short-tail queries<\/strong> (10%) is slightly stronger than for <strong>fan-out queries<\/strong> (6.82%), it\u2019s still much weaker than we\u2019d expect if it were directly echoing the&nbsp;SERPs.<\/p>\n<p>This is even more surprising, now we have confirmation that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/chatgpt-is-reportedly-scraping-google-search-data-to-answer-your-questions-heres-how\/\">OpenAI and Perplexity have been scraping Google<\/a> results via a third-party provider.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s possible we\u2019d see more overlap if our study focused only on \u2018real-time\u2019 queries (e.g., news, sports, finance), since those are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/chatgpt-is-reportedly-scraping-google-search-data-to-answer-your-questions-heres-how\/\">reportedly<\/a> the kinds ChatGPT scrapes Google for.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"post-191159-_q1nsk8zge2jx\"><\/a><\/p><div class=\"post-nav-link clearfix\" id=\"section1\"><a class=\"subhead-anchor\" data-tip=\"tooltip__copielink\" rel=\"#section1\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" style><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path d=\"M0 0h14v14H0z\" \/><path d=\"M7.45 9.887l-1.62 1.621c-.92.92-2.418.92-3.338 0a2.364 2.364 0 0 1 0-3.339l1.62-1.62-1.273-1.272-1.62 1.62a4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.885 5.884l1.62-1.62L7.45 9.886zM5.527 5.135L7.17 3.492c.92-.92 2.418-.92 3.339 0 .92.92.92 2.418 0 3.339L8.866 8.473l1.272 1.273 1.644-1.643A4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.897 2.22L4.254 3.863l1.272 1.272zm-.66 3.998a.749.749 0 0 1 0-1.06l2.208-2.206a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.928 9.133a.75.75 0 0 1-1.061 0z\" style \/><\/g><\/svg><\/a><div class=\"link-text\" data-anchor=\"65% of Perplexity\u2019s short-tail results hit Google\u2019s top 10\" data-section=\"section-two\">\n<h2><a id=\"post-191159-_nwxiocazccex\"><\/a>65% of Perplexity\u2019s short-tail results hit Google\u2019s top&nbsp;10<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Perplexity citations align closely with Google\u2019s search results across short-tail queries.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191162\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-3.png\" alt=\"Ahrefs' study of ~3K short-tail queries showing short-tail query overlap between Perplexity and Google for both URLs and Domains. URL overlap 72.85% in SERPs top 100 65.07% in SERPs top 10 domain overlap 91.84% in SERPs top 100 80.58% in SERPs top 10\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-3.png 1600w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-3-381x425.png 381w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-3-768x857.png 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-3-1377x1536.png 1377w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unlike ChatGPT, overlap isn\u2019t just visible at the domain level\u2014most of Perplexity\u2019s cited pages are also the exact URLs ranking in Google\u2019s top&nbsp;10.<\/p>\n<p>This mirrors the findings in our <strong>long-tail query<\/strong> study, where Perplexity responses most resembled Google\u2019s results, reinforcing its design as a \u201ccitation-first\u201d engine.<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-nav-link clearfix\" id=\"section1\"><a class=\"subhead-anchor\" data-tip=\"tooltip__copielink\" rel=\"#section1\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" style><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path d=\"M0 0h14v14H0z\" \/><path d=\"M7.45 9.887l-1.62 1.621c-.92.92-2.418.92-3.338 0a2.364 2.364 0 0 1 0-3.339l1.62-1.62-1.273-1.272-1.62 1.62a4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.885 5.884l1.62-1.62L7.45 9.886zM5.527 5.135L7.17 3.492c.92-.92 2.418-.92 3.339 0 .92.92.92 2.418 0 3.339L8.866 8.473l1.272 1.273 1.644-1.643A4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.897 2.22L4.254 3.863l1.272 1.272zm-.66 3.998a.749.749 0 0 1 0-1.06l2.208-2.206a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.928 9.133a.75.75 0 0 1-1.061 0z\" style \/><\/g><\/svg><\/a><div class=\"link-text\" data-anchor=\"ChatGPT cites ranking domains 3x more than ranking pages\" data-section=\"section-three\">\n<h2><a id=\"post-191159-_pth7ecfwnmaj\"><\/a>ChatGPT cites ranking domains 3x more than ranking pages<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Domain overlap is consistently higher than URL overlap, suggesting that ChatGPT and Perplexity cite the same websites as Google\u2014but not the exact same&nbsp;pages.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191184 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-ai-google-citation-overlap-1.png\" alt=\"Ahrefs' study of ~3K short-tail queries showing short-tail query overlap between Perplexity, ChatGPT, and Google for both URLs and Domains in the top 10. ChatGPT: URL overlap - 10.00% in SERPs top 10 domain overlap - 31.80% in SERPs top 10 Perplexity: URL overlap - 65.07% in SERPs top 10 domain overlap - 80.58% in SERPs top 10\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1887\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-ai-google-citation-overlap-1.png 1600w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-ai-google-citation-overlap-1-360x425.png 360w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-ai-google-citation-overlap-1-768x906.png 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-ai-google-citation-overlap-1-1302x1536.png 1302w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\"><\/p>\n<p>In ChatGPT, the domain-URL gap is especially wide\u201431.8% vs.&nbsp;10%.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, ChatGPT cites ranking domains ~3X more than ranking pages.<\/p>\n<p>On the one hand, this could mean ChatGPT selects <strong>different<\/strong> pages from the <strong>same<\/strong> domains as Google.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Google cites one page from <a href=\"http:\/\/ahrefs.com\/writing-tools\">ahrefs.com\/writing-tools\/<\/a>, while ChatGPT finds a better \u201cfit\u201d on <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/\">ahrefs.com\/blog\/<\/a> and cites another.<\/p>\n<p>If true, this reinforces the value of creating cluster content\u2014optimizing multiple pages for different topic intents, to have the best chance of being&nbsp;found.<\/p>\n<p>Another possibility is that both lean on the same pool of <strong>authoritative<\/strong> domains, but disagree on arbitrary pages.<\/p>\n<div class=\"recommendation\"><div class=\"recommendation-title\">Assess your cluster content in AI and search<\/div><div class=\"recommendation-content\"><a id=\"post-191159-_hljldjlzgcio\"><\/a>\n<p>You can check the SEO performance of your cluster content in the Related Terms report in Ahrefs Keywords Explorer.<\/p>\n<p>This will show you <em>if<\/em> and <em>where<\/em> you rank across an entire cluster of related keywords.<\/p>\n<p>Just add a Parent Topic filter, and a Target filter containing your domain.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191164\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-5.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of Ahrefs &quot;Clusters by Parent Topic&quot; tab within the Related Terms report. A parent topic filter has been applied for &quot;Is: check google ranking&quot;, and a target filter has been applied for &quot;ahrefs.com&quot;. An arrow points from the target filter to a pop-up report which shows the highlighted ranking positions for Ahrefs across the parent topic.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-5.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-5-458x425.jpg 458w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-5-768x713.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-5-1536x1425.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\"><\/p>\n<p>Once you\u2019ve done that, head to <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/brand-radar\">Ahrefs Brand Radar<\/a> to check on the AI performance of your cluster content.<\/p>\n<p>Run individual URLs through the Cited Pages report in <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/brand-radar\">Ahrefs Brand Radar<\/a> to see if your cluster content is being cited by AI assistants like ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, and Copilot.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191165\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-6.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of the Cited Pages report in Ahrefs Brand Radar, circling a &quot;Page URL Contains:&quot; filter, with a specific Ahrefs blog included. An arrow points to the circled filter, with the writing &quot;Check specific domains, URLs, and subfolders being cited in AI&quot; A trend chart shows the trended performance of the blog in ChatGPT. \" width=\"2048\" height=\"1401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-6.png 2048w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-6-621x425.png 621w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-6-768x525.png 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-6-1536x1051.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\"><\/p>\n<p>Work out if any content is missing from either surface, then optimize until you\u2019ve filled those gaps and enriched the overall cluster.<\/p>\n<p>You can use topic gap recommendations in <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/ai-content-helper\">Ahrefs\u2019 AI Content Helper<\/a> to help with&nbsp;this.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191166\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-7.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of Ahrefs AI Content Helper interface, with the AI generated &quot;Recommendations&quot; section circled, which provides suggestions on how to fill topic gaps.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-7.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-7-591x425.jpg 591w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-7-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-7-1536x1104.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"post-nav-link clearfix\" id=\"section1\"><a class=\"subhead-anchor\" data-tip=\"tooltip__copielink\" rel=\"#section1\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" style><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path d=\"M0 0h14v14H0z\" \/><path d=\"M7.45 9.887l-1.62 1.621c-.92.92-2.418.92-3.338 0a2.364 2.364 0 0 1 0-3.339l1.62-1.62-1.273-1.272-1.62 1.62a4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.885 5.884l1.62-1.62L7.45 9.886zM5.527 5.135L7.17 3.492c.92-.92 2.418-.92 3.339 0 .92.92.92 2.418 0 3.339L8.866 8.473l1.272 1.273 1.644-1.643A4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.897 2.22L4.254 3.863l1.272 1.272zm-.66 3.998a.749.749 0 0 1 0-1.06l2.208-2.206a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.928 9.133a.75.75 0 0 1-1.061 0z\" style \/><\/g><\/svg><\/a><div class=\"link-text\" data-anchor=\"Of all query types, \u201cFan-out\u201d shows the lowest citation overlap\" data-section=\"section-four\">\n<h2><a id=\"post-191159-_p6erwnadm29w\"><\/a>Of all query types, \u201cFan-out\u201d shows the lowest citation overlap<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Short-tail queries show closer SERP-AI alignment than natural language prompts\u2014especially when it comes to Perplexity.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191167\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-8.png\" alt=\"A double bar chart showing ChatGPT and Perplexity URL overlaps with Google's SERP citations, based on short-tail queries, and long-tail queries ChatGPT short-tail query overlap: 10% Perplexity short-tail query overlap: 65.1% ChatGPT long-tail query overlap: 7.05% Perplexity long-tail query overlap: 28.6%\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-8.png 1600w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-8-381x425.png 381w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-8-768x857.png 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-8-1377x1536.png 1377w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\"><\/p>\n<p>But the ChatGPT citations generated by fan-out queries (first <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/is-chatgpt-really-powered-by-google\/\">studied by SQ and Xibeijia<\/a>) show the least overlap. They match only 6.82% of Google\u2019s top 10 results.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-191185 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4-ai-google-citation-overlap-2.png\" alt=\"A bar chart showing three bars representing short-tail (10%), long-tail (7.05%), and fan-out queries (6.82%). The chart is titled: ChatGPT URL overlap with SERP across query types (Ahrefs study of ~3K queries) \" width=\"1610\" height=\"1755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4-ai-google-citation-overlap-2.png 1610w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4-ai-google-citation-overlap-2-390x425.png 390w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4-ai-google-citation-overlap-2-768x837.png 768w, https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4-ai-google-citation-overlap-2-1409x1536.png 1409w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1610px) 100vw, 1610px\"><\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re not comparing apples-with-apples here. These percentages represent different studies, and different sized datasets.<\/p>\n<p>But each study produces similar findings: the pages that ChatGPT cites don\u2019t overlap significantly with the pages that Google ranks. And it\u2019s largely the opposite for Perplexity.<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-nav-link clearfix\" id=\"section1\"><a class=\"subhead-anchor\" data-tip=\"tooltip__copielink\" rel=\"#section1\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" style><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><path d=\"M0 0h14v14H0z\" \/><path d=\"M7.45 9.887l-1.62 1.621c-.92.92-2.418.92-3.338 0a2.364 2.364 0 0 1 0-3.339l1.62-1.62-1.273-1.272-1.62 1.62a4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.885 5.884l1.62-1.62L7.45 9.886zM5.527 5.135L7.17 3.492c.92-.92 2.418-.92 3.339 0 .92.92.92 2.418 0 3.339L8.866 8.473l1.272 1.273 1.644-1.643A4.161 4.161 0 1 0 5.897 2.22L4.254 3.863l1.272 1.272zm-.66 3.998a.749.749 0 0 1 0-1.06l2.208-2.206a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.928 9.133a.75.75 0 0 1-1.061 0z\" style \/><\/g><\/svg><\/a><div class=\"link-text\" data-anchor=\"What about intent?\" data-section=\"section-five\">\n<h3><a id=\"post-191159-_5syt2og3gmi\"><\/a>What about intent?<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>One other thing we haven\u2019t mentioned is intent. The greater citation overlap we see across short-tail queries could partly be explained by the relative stability of navigational, commercial, and transactional queries\u2014which we didn\u2019t assess in our previous studies.<\/p>\n<p>Navigational, commercial, and transactional head terms have SERPs that don\u2019t tend to change too often, because the set of relevant products, brands, or destinations is finite.<\/p>\n<p>This stability means AI assistants and Google are more likely to converge on the same sources, meaning overlap is higher than it is for informational queries (where the pool of possible pages is far larger and more volatile).<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"post-191159-_sdxukefaiwcn\"><\/a>Final thoughts<\/h2>\n<p>Across all three studies, the story is consistent: ChatGPT doesn\u2019t follow Google\u2019s sources, Perplexity does.<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s surprising is that ChatGPT differs so much from Google, when we now know that OpenAI <em>does<\/em> scrape Google\u2019s results.<\/p>\n<p>My hunch is that ChatGPT does more than Perplexity to differentiate its results set from Google.<\/p>\n<p>This theory from <a href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/is-chatgpt-really-powered-by-google\/\">SQ<\/a> seems the most probable one to&nbsp;me:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cChatGPT likely uses a hybrid approach where they retrieve search results from various sources, e.g. Google SERPs, Bing SERPs, their own index, and third-party search APIs, and then combine all the URLs and apply their own re-ranking algorithm.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Whatever the case, search and AI are shaping discovery side-by-side, and the best strategy is to build content that gives you a chance to appear on both surfaces.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We know that AI assistants like ChatGPT access search indices, like Google and Bing, to retrieve URLs for their response. But how, exactly? To find out, we\u2019ve run a series of experiments looking at the relationship between the URLs cited<span class=\"ellipsis\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\">Read more \u203a<\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":197,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[469,414],"tags":[],"coauthors":[464],"class_list":["post-191159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai-search","category-data-studies","odd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ChatGPT May Scrape Google, but the Results Don\u2019t Match<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ChatGPT is scraping Google\u2019s results. But our data shows the citations don\u2019t match as closely as you\u2019d expect.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/chatgpt-google-citations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ChatGPT May Scrape Google, but the Results Don\u2019t Match\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ChatGPT is scraping Google\u2019s results. But our data shows the citations don\u2019t match as closely as you\u2019d expect.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/chatgpt-google-citations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SEO Blog by Ahrefs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Ahrefs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-03T13:28:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-191159-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"795\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Louise Linehan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ahrefs\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ahrefs\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Louise Linehan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/444b3643c35b16b94b763446c5562388\"},\"headline\":\"ChatGPT May Scrape Google, but the Results Don\u2019t&nbsp;Match\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-03T13:28:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1285,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/chatgpt-may-scrape-google-but-the-by-louise-linehan-data-studies.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"AI Search\",\"Data &amp; Studies\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/\",\"name\":\"ChatGPT May Scrape Google, but the Results Don\u2019t Match\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/chatgpt-google-citations\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ahrefs.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/word-image-191159-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-03T13:28:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"ChatGPT is scraping Google\u2019s results. 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